Week 1
This week I introduce history of chemistry.
   It is origin of chemistry that human beings discovered FIRE. For human fire is mystical force that could transform one thing into another thing when it producing heat and light. Fire was used everyday of life, such as cooking and habitat lighting, to more advanced technologies, such as pottery, bricks, and melting of metals to make tools. Ancient philosophers attempt to rationalize why different substances have different properties (color, density, smell), exist in different states (gaseous, liquid, and solid), and react in a different manner when exposed to environments. They postulated the first theories on nature and chemistry. These theories defined primary elements that make up all substance in nature. It was thought to be primary elements that air, water and soil in ancient Greek.
   It was fire that led to purification of metals, which gave way to the rise of metallurgy. During the early stages of metallurgy, methods of purification of metals were sought. The history of metallurgy was marked by which army had better weaponry.

"The alchemist"

   In the ancient Egypt alchemy was created. The purpose of alchemy is what create philosopher's stone which is legendary alchemical substance said to be capable of turning base metals into gold or silver and elixir which grants drinker eternal life or eternal youth. But there were several problems with alchemy. Alchemy did not have systematic naming system for new substance. And words of alchemy were difficult and unclear. There were dubious side in alchemy. For example alchemist had made gold from cheap substance. In early 14th century alchemy faced crisis. In other words, People had some doubts about alchemy. People ordered that a scientific method that other people can repeat and result in a clear language that people can understand what is known and unknown. But alchemy did not have scientific reproducible experiments. In 1317, the Avignon Pope John 12th ordered all alchemist to leave France for making counterfeit money. A law that person who multiply metals is punished by death was passed in England in 1403. But alchemy had not come to an end for royalty and privileged class sought to find the philosopher's stone and the elixir to use themselves.

Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan

   In the middle ages, scientific method started to develop. Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan who is called "father of chemistry" by many chemist analyzed many chemical chemically and produced many medicine. Robert Boyle constructed the base of modern chemistry. He divided chemistry from alchemy by experimenting scientifically. Before 20th century, chemistry had been defined science about transform and nature of substance. It was divided from physics clearly. But the latter half of 19th century, the thought had started to change. After discovery of radioactive substance, view of nature of substance dramatically changed. The experience acquired by chemist lost relation of study of whole nature of substance. So range of chemistry was limited to the nature of substance around us in condition which are not too far from natural conditions that is temperature and pressure. Thus chemistry was re-defined as science of matter that deal with transform, characteristic and construction. This definer is used now.